Manyan kayan aikin kammala rijiyar guda goma

Nau'o'in kayan aikin saukar da ƙasa da aka saba amfani da su a ƙarshen filin mai na teku da igiyoyin samarwa sun haɗa da: Packer, SSSV, Sliding Sleev, (Nono), Mandrel Pocket, Wurin zama Nono, Flow Coupling, Blast haɗin gwiwa, Test Valve, Drain Valve, Mandrel, Plug , da dai sauransu.

1.Packers

Packer yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman kayan aikin saukarwa a cikin zaren samarwa, kuma manyan ayyukansa sune kamar haka:

Rarrabe nau'ikan samarwa don hana haɗin gwiwa da tsangwama na ruwa da matsa lamba tsakanin yadudduka;

Rabewar kisa ruwa da samar da ruwa;

Haɗu da buƙatu daban-daban na samar da mai (gas) da ayyukan aiki;

Ajiye ruwan fakitin a cikin rumbun annulus don kare rumbun da tabbatar da samar da lafiya.

Ana iya raba fakitin da aka yi amfani da su wajen kammala filayen mai (gas) zuwa nau'i biyu: mai iya dawo da su da dindindin, kuma bisa ga hanyar saiti, ana iya raba su zuwa saitin ruwa, saitin injina da saitin igiyoyi. Ana iya raba masu fakiti zuwa nau'ikan da yawa, kuma yakamata a yi zaɓi mai dacewa bisa ga ainihin bukatun samarwa. Abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a cikin mashin ɗin su ne zamewa da roba, kuma wasu na'urorin ba su da zamewa (masu buɗaɗɗen rijiyoyi). Akwai nau'i-nau'i iri-iri masu yawa, babban aikin su shine goyon baya tsakanin slips da casing da kuma rufewa tsakanin zamewa da sutura don rufe wani matsayi.

2.Downhole aminci bawul

The downhole aminci valve na'urar ne mai sarrafa ruwa mara kyau a cikin rijiyar, kamar gobara a dandalin samar da mai a bakin teku, fashewar bututun mai, fashewa, rashin kula da rijiyar man da girgizar kasa ta haifar da dai sauransu, ta yadda za a iya rufe bawul ɗin aminci na ƙasa ta atomatik don gane ikon sarrafa ruwan da ke cikin rijiyar.

1) Rarraba bawuloli masu aminci:

• Karfe waya mai iya dawo da aminci bawul
• Oil bututu šaukuwa aminci bawul
• Casing annulus aminci bawul Mafi yawan amfani da bawul ɗin aminci shine bawul ɗin aminci mai ɗaukar tubing

2) Ka'idar aiki

An matsawa ta cikin ƙasa, ana watsa man na'ura mai kwakwalwa zuwa ramin watsa matsa lamba zuwa piston ta hanyar bututun sarrafa wutar lantarki, tura piston ƙasa da matsawa da bazara, kuma an buɗe bawul ɗin flap. Idan ana kiyaye matsa lamba na hydraulic, bawul ɗin aminci yana cikin yanayin buɗewa; saki Matsi na layin sarrafawa na hydraulic yana matsawa zuwa sama ta hanyar tashin hankali na bazara don motsa piston zuwa sama, kuma farantin valve yana cikin yanayin rufewa.

3.Sliding hannun riga

1) Hannun zamewa na iya rufewa ko haɗa haɗin haɗin kai tsakanin igiyoyin samarwa da sararin samaniya ta hanyar haɗin kai tsakanin hannayen ciki da na waje. Babban ayyukansa sune kamar haka:

• Ƙaddamar da busa bayan an gama da kyau;
• Kisan zagayawa;
• Tashin gas
• Zama jet famfo
• Ana iya amfani da rijiyoyi masu yawa don samarwa daban, gwajin gwaji, allura mai laushi, da dai sauransu;
• Multi-Layer gauraye ma'adinai;
• Guda filogi a cikin rijiyar don rufe rijiyar ko don gwada matsa lamba na bututu;
• Circulating sinadaran wakili anticorrosion, da dai sauransu.

2) Ƙa'idar aiki

Hannun zamewa yana rufe ko ya haɗa hanyar tsakanin bututun mai da sararin samaniya ta hanyar motsa hannun riga na ciki. Lokacin da tashar hannun rigar ciki tana fuskantar mashigar jikin hannun hannu mai zamewa, titin yana cikin yanayin buɗewa. Lokacin da biyun suka taru, ana rufe hannun riga mai zamewa. Akwai silinda mai aiki akan ɓangaren sama na hannun rigar zamiya, wanda ake amfani dashi don gyara na'urar sarrafa kwararar ƙasa mai alaƙa da hannun rigar zamiya. Akwai murfin ƙarshen rufewa a kan babba da ƙananan ɓangarorin hannun riga na ciki, wanda zai iya yin aiki tare da marufi na na'urar downhole don rufewa. Haɗa kayan aikin sauya hannun riga mai zamewa a ƙarƙashin asalin kayan aikin kirtani, kuma aiwatar da aikin waya na ƙarfe. Ana iya kunna hannun zamewa da kashewa. Wasu daga cikinsu suna buƙatar girgiza ƙasa don matsar da hannun riga don buɗe hannun zamewa, yayin da wasu suna buƙatar girgiza sama don yin ciki Hannun yana motsawa sama don buɗe hannun zamewa.

4. Nono

1) Rarrabewa da amfani da nonon mai aiki

Rarraba Nonuwa:

(1) Bisa ga hanyar sanyawa: akwai nau'i uku: selictivity, Top NO-GO da Bottom NO-GO, kamar yadda aka nuna a Figures a, b, da c.

Wasu mandrels na iya samun nau'in zaɓi na zaɓi da na sama (kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto b). Abin da ake kira nau'in zaɓi yana nufin cewa diamita na ciki na mandrel ba shi da wani sashi na rage diamita, kuma girman girman kayan aiki na zaune zai iya wucewa ta cikinsa, don haka za a iya saukar da maɗaukaki masu yawa na girman guda a cikin igiyar bututu guda ɗaya, kuma babban tasha yana nufin cewa diamita na ciki na madaidaicin hatimi shine saman madaidaicin tare da mataki mai motsi a sashin raguwar diamita yana aiki a saman, yayin da raguwar diamita na madaidaicin ƙasa yana ƙasa, sashin hatimi. filogi ba zai iya wucewa ba, kuma madaidaicin da ke ƙasa ana shigar da shi gabaɗaya a kasan igiyar bututu ɗaya. A matsayin mai rataye kayan aiki da kuma hana igiyoyin kayan aikin waya faɗuwa cikin kasan rijiyar.

(2) Dangane da matsa lamba na aiki: akwai matsa lamba na al'ada da matsa lamba, ana amfani da na farko don rijiyoyin al'ada, kuma na ƙarshe ana amfani da shi don matsa lamba mai ƙarfi da rijiyoyin gas.

Aikace-aikacen Nonuwa:

• Zauna cikin jammer.
• Zauna a cikin ƙasa don sarrafa bawul ɗin aminci ta atomatik.
• Zauna cikin bawul ɗin dubawa.

Yi gudu a cikin kayan aikin taimako (shaƙa nozzle) don rage matsi na rijiyar.

• Haɗin kai tare da Nonon da aka goge, shigar da hannun rigar rabuwa ko haɗin gwiwa, gyara bututun mai da ya lalace ko bututu mai kauri kusa da saman mai.
• Zauna a rataya kayan auna ƙasa.
• Zai iya hana igiyar kayan aiki faɗuwa cikin ƙasan rijiyar yayin aikin layin waya.

5. Mandrel Aljihu na gefe

1) Tsarin aiki

The Side Pocket Mandrel yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman kayan aikin saukar rami don kammalawa da kyau. An haɗe shi da daban-daban gas daga bawuloli don gane daban-daban gas daga hanyoyin, gudu ruwa nozzles na daban-daban masu girma dabam, da kuma gane Layered allura. An nuna tsarinsa a cikin adadi , ya ƙunshi sassa biyu, bututu mai tushe da silinda eccentric, girman bututun tushe daidai yake da na bututun mai, ɓangaren babba yana da hannun riga, kuma silinda eccentric yana da. shugaban gano kayan aiki, tsagi mai kullewa, silinda mai rufewa da ramin sadarwa na waje.

2) Siffofin Mandrel Aljihu:

Matsayi: Sanya kowane nau'in kayan aikin saukarwa da ƙima kuma daidaita daidai da ganga mai ƙayatarwa.

Ganewa: Kayan aikin Downhole masu girman madaidaicin ana sarrafa su cikin eccentric ganga, yayin da sauran kayan aikin da suka fi girma suna wucewa ta bututun tushe.

An ba da izinin matsa lamba mafi girma.

2) Aiki na Side Pocket Mandrel: gas lift, sinadaran wakili allura, ruwa allura, wurare dabam dabam kashe, da dai sauransu.

6. Toshe

Lokacin da babu bawul ɗin aminci na ƙasa ko bawul ɗin aminci ya kasa, wayar ƙarfe tana aiki, kuma ana saukar da filogin girman daidai a cikin silinda mai aiki don rufe rijiyar. Gwajin matsin lamba na tubing da saitin fakitin hydraulic yayin kammala rijiyar ko ayyukan aiki.

7. Gas daga bawul

An saukar da bawul ɗin ɗaga iskar gas a cikin silinda mai aiki na eccentric, wanda zai iya gane hanyoyin samar da iskar gas daban-daban, kamar ci gaba da ɗaga iskar gas ko ɗaga iskar gas mai tsaka-tsaki.

8.Flow juyin mulki

Juyin mulkin da ke gudana a zahiri bututu ne mai kauri, wanda diamita na ciki daidai yake da na bututun mai, amma diamita na waje ya dan fi girma, kuma yawanci ana amfani da shi don sama da ƙananan ƙarshen bawul ɗin aminci. Don rijiyoyin mai da iskar gas mai yawan amfanin ƙasa, rijiyoyin mai da ke da yawan fitarwa na iya zaɓar amfani ko a'a. Lokacin da iskar gas mai yawan amfanin ƙasa ke gudana ta hanyar bawul ɗin aminci, zai haifar da ƙumburi saboda raguwar diamita, wanda zai haifar da yashwar yanzu da lalacewa a ƙarshensa na sama da na ƙasa.

9.Oil Drain bawul

Ana shigar da bawul ɗin magudanar mai gabaɗaya a bututun mai 1-2 sama da bawul ɗin rajistan. Ita ce tashar fitar da ruwan da ke cikin bututun mai a lokacin da aikin duba famfo ya tashi sama, ta yadda za a rage nauyin na’urar da ke aiki da kuma hana ruwan rijiyar gurbata shimfidar dandali da muhalli. A halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan magudanar ruwa iri biyu: magudanar ruwa mai jefa sanda da magudanar ruwa mai jefa ball. Na farko ya fi dacewa da mai mai bakin ciki da rijiyoyin mai mai nauyi tare da yanke ruwa mai yawa; Ana amfani da na ƙarshe don rijiyoyin mai mai nauyi tare da ƙananan yanke ruwa kuma yana da babban nasara.

10.Bugu da kari

1) Manufa: Ana amfani da shi don cire shingen siminti, kullin siminti, kakin zuma mai ƙarfi, lu'ulu'u na gishiri daban-daban ko adibas, burbushin huɗa da ƙarfe oxide da sauran datti da suka ragu a bangon casing na ciki, da samun damar shiga cikin kayan aikin ƙasa daban-daban. Musamman ma lokacin da sararin samaniya tsakanin kayan aiki na downhole da diamita na ciki na casing yana da ƙananan, mataki na gaba na ginin ya kamata a gudanar da shi bayan da ya dace.

2) Tsarin: Ya ƙunshi jiki, farantin wuka, kafaffen toshe, toshe matsi da sauran sassa.

3) Ka'idar aiki: kafin shigar da rijiyar, matsakaicin girman shigarwa na babban yanki na scraper ya fi girma fiye da diamita na ciki na casing. Bayan shigar da rijiyar, ana tilasta wuka don danna saukar da bazara, kuma bazara yana ba da ƙarfin ciyarwar radial. Lokacin zazzage kayan aiki masu wuya, yana ɗaukar gogewa da yawa don gogewa zuwa diamita na ciki na casing. An haɗa scraper zuwa ƙananan ƙarshen kirtani na bututu na ƙasa, kuma motsi sama da ƙasa na kirtani bututu shine ciyarwar axial yayin aikin ratayewa.

Za a iya gani daga tsarin da ruwan wukake cewa kowace karkace ruwa tana da gefuna guda biyu masu siffar baka a ciki da waje. Tasirin niƙa. Ana rarraba ruwan wukake mai siffar tsiri daidai gwargwado a saman abin da ake gogewa bisa ga layin helical na hagu, wanda ke da amfani ga laka ta sama don kwashe tarkacen da aka goge.