Kan Murhu: Jinin Rai da ke Haɗa Sama da Ƙasa

Babban ginshiƙin cibiyar ɗaukar kaya da juyawar matsin lamba ga dukkankayan aikin kan ƙwanƙolin—kan murfin. A yau, mun mayar da hankali kan wannan muhimmin sashi don gano yadda wannan "jini mai rai da ke haɗa saman da ƙasa" ke tabbatar da cikakken aminci daga saman zuwa samuwar.

I. Ma'ana da Aiki: Tushen Kawunan Ruwa

A fasaha, kan kashin baya muhimmin sashi ne na tsarin da ke haɗa igiyar kashin ƙasa da kayan aikin kan rijiyar. Ƙarshensa na ƙasa yana haɗe da kashin saman ta hanyar zare, zare da aka juya, ko walda; ƙarshensa na sama an haɗa shi da bishiyar Kirsimeti da ake haƙawa ko kuma guda ɗaya (tarin BOP guda ɗaya) ta hanyar flanges ko manne.

Babban aikin shine dakatarwa da kuma tallafawa nauyin dukkan kashin fasaha da kashin samarwa, wanda ke samar da tushen hawa ga dukkan kayan aikin kan rijiyar. A matsayin wani bangare na shingen rijiyar a duk tsawon lokacin hakowa, kammalawa, da kuma tsawon lokacin samarwa, kan kashin shine ginshiki don tabbatar da rufewa tsakanin kowane layi na kashin da kuma cimma warewar matsi da sarrafawa.

Misalin Samfuri: TF 20*13 3/8-35MPa

Fassara: Kan maƙallin da ke da matakai ɗaya mai siffar flange wanda ke haɗa diamita na waje na maƙallin 508mm (inci 20), wanda ke rataye diamita na waje na maƙallin 339.7mm (13 3/8-inch), tare da matsin lamba na aiki na 35MPa.

II. Nau'i da Babban Sinadaran: Tsarin Jini Mai Rai

Kanunan casing da ake amfani da su a wurin galibi ana rarraba su zuwa matakai ɗaya, matakai biyu, da matakai da yawa dangane da adadin layukan da aka dakatar. Bugu da ƙari, akwai kanan casing masu sauƙi, waɗanda aka saba amfani da su a cikin manyan rijiyoyin mai da aka gyara a filin mai na Xinjiang, tare da flanges a ƙarshen sama da zaren casing a ƙarshen ƙasa, galibi suna ɗaukar ratayen casing irin na mandrel.

Kanunan casing na yau da kullun galibi sun haɗa da jiki, maƙallin casing, bawul ɗin ƙofa, ma'aunin matsi, da sukurori. Daga cikin waɗannan, maƙallin casing (wanda aka fi sani da "slip casing") shine babban abin da ke ba da damar aikin sa na asali, wanda ake amfani da shi don dakatar da casing na fasaha ko casing na samarwa.

An raba sealing na tsakiya zuwa matakai biyu:

1. Babban Hatimi: Ikon rufe sararin annular tsakanin murfin da aka dakatar da shi da kuma saman murfin, wanda ke aiki a matsayin babban shingen hana matsin lamba na annular.
2. Hatimin Biyu: Hatimin da aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar hatimin BT, P, ko ƙarfe tsakanin ƙarshen sama (wuyan) na rataye ko tsakanin murfin da aka dakatar da shi da kuma jikin kan katifar (ko kuma bishiyar Kirsimeti da aka haɗa da haƙa-haƙa, bishiyar Kirsimeti ta musamman) wanda aka haɗa da flange na sama. Wannan hatimin yana ware matsin lamba a sama da rataye daga sararin annular da ke ƙasa, yana aiki azaman shinge mai mahimmanci kuma mai gwadawa.

III. Mahimman Bayanan Fasaha: Manyan Hanyoyi Biyu na Dakatarwa da Hatimi

1. Maƙallin Nau'in Mandrel (Maƙallin Zare)

An fi sani da "kan karas". Babban hatiminsa ya dogara ne akan ƙididdige madaidaicin kirtani mai rage nauyi, wanda aka ɗora a kan hatimin mazugi na ƙarfe-zuwa-ƙarfe wanda aka ƙera daidai, tare da zoben hatimi mai siffar murabba'i a matsayin mataimaki. Lokacin da aka sanya kan bututun a sama, zoben hatimin BT da ke ƙasan ɗakin kan bututun yana aiki tare da wuyan rataye zai iya samar da hatimi na biyu mai tasiri.

Fasaloli da Bukatu

Ribobi: Haɗin da aka zare, babu buƙatar yanke akwatin.

Muhimman Bukatu: Ingantaccen aiki - dole ne a daidaita zurfin saitin akwati daidai, kuma dole ne a tabbatar da isasshen nauyin wurin zama; in ba haka ba, ba za a iya cimma ingantaccen rufewa ba.

2. Maƙallin Zamewa

Dangane da siffar zamewa, galibi an raba su zuwa nau'in W, nau'in WE, da nau'in WD, duk suna haɗuwa ta hanyar zamewa da yawa da ke hulɗa da akwatin.

Nau'in WD (Bayani): Ya keɓance ga kanan katako na mataki na farko (saman). Shigarwa ba ya buƙatar ƙididdige tsawon bututun jagora; kawai yana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa ovality da kauri na bango na matsayin shigar da akwati (guje wa haɗin) sun cika ƙa'idodi, yanke da goge akwatin don ya zama lebur (digiri a kwance ≤ 0.5°, gefen waje an goge shi da chamfer 10°), sannan a saka shi kai tsaye. An tsara ƙarshen ƙasan jikin kan akwati da hatimin BT guda biyu don cimma rufewa da bangon waje na akwatin.

Nau'in W da Nau'in WE: Dukansu suna amfani da zamewa da nauyi don kunna hatimin roba. Nau'in W ya dogara ne akan nauyin dakatarwa na igiyar casing don kunna hatimin ƙasa don hatimin farko, tare da babban tan na dakatarwa da ingantaccen hatimin. Nau'in WE yana amfani da matse sukurori na sama da hannu don kunna zoben hatimi, wanda ya dace da lokutan da ke da ƙarancin matsin lamba na hatimi.

IV. Maɓallin Kulawa a Wurin: Amfani da Kula da Hannun Riga

A lokacin aikin haƙa rami, domin hana kayan aikin haƙa ramin su saka saman rufin a cikin kan rufin kuma su shafi ingancin haƙa ramin ƙarshe, dole ne a sanya hannun riga (nau'in da aka faɗaɗa a Tarim Oilfield da sauran wurare) yayin haƙa ramin. Ana isar da hannun riga ta amfani da kayan aiki na musamman kuma an gyara shi kuma an iyakance shi da sukurori da aka saita.

Muhimman Abubuwan Dubawa

Bayan kowace tafiya daga cikin ramin, duba ko akwai lalacewar da ta faru a hannun riga mai laushi kuma ka tabbatar da cewa alamun sukurori da aka saita suna cikin ramin iyaka. Idan aka sami lalacewar da ta faru a waje, dole ne a sake daidaita kan rijiyar nan da nan. In ba haka ba, lalacewar da ta faru a lokaci mai tsawo na iya lalacewa ta hannun riga mai laushi ko ma jikin akwati, wanda ke haifar da manyan haɗarin tsaro na kula da rijiyar.

A taƙaice, mun yi nazari kan dukkan hoton kan kashin—“jini” na kan rijiyar. Tare da tsarin dakatarwa mai daidaito da shingen rufewa mai matakai da yawa, yana tallafawa nauyin dukkan wuraren sarrafa rijiyar da samar da kayayyaki, yana raba matsin lamba na annular zuwa matakan da aka tsara. A matsayin cikakken tushe mai tsauri ga duk masu sarrafawa masu ƙarfi, kan kashin shine babban aikin ɗaukar amincin kan kashin rijiyar, ware matsin lamba na samarwa, da cimma sahihancin rijiyar a duk tsawon zagayowar rayuwa. Ƙarfafa wannan tushe shine babban garanti ga zagayowar aminci ta dukkan rijiyar.

Tuntuɓi: Jessie Zhou
Wayar Salula/WhatsApp:+0086-18109206861
Email: energy@landrilltools.com