Rarraba mai da iskar gas rijiyar haɓaka dabarun samarwa

Rijiyar mai da iskar gas na haɓaka fasahar samarwa fasaha ce ta fasaha don haɓaka ƙarfin samar da rijiyoyin mai (ciki har da rijiyoyin iskar gas) da ƙarfin ɗaukar ruwa na rijiyoyin allurar ruwa. Hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da fashewar hydraulic da maganin acidification, ban da fashewar fashe, maganin ƙarfi, da dai sauransu.

1) Tsarin rarrabuwar ruwa na hydraulic

Karɓar ruwa na hydraulic ya haɗa da allurar daɗaɗɗen ruwa mai ƙarfi a cikin rijiyar a babban ƙarar da ta zarce ƙarfin ɗaukar samuwar, ta haka yana ƙara matsa lamba na ƙasa-ƙasa da fashe samuwar. Tare da ci gaba da allurar ruwa mai karye, raunin ya kara zurfi cikin samuwar. Dole ne a haɗa wani takamaiman adadin proppant (mafi yawan yashi) a cikin ruwa mai karye don hana karaya daga rufewa bayan an dakatar da famfo. Karyewar da ke cike da proppant na canza yanayin mai da iskar gas a cikin samuwar, yana kara yawan yankin da ake samu, yana rage juriya da kwarara, da ninka samar da rijiyar mai. "Shale gas", wanda ya shahara sosai a cikin masana'antar mai na duniya kwanan nan, yana amfana daga saurin haɓaka fasahar fashewar hydraulic!

2) Maganin sanya acidification na mai

Maganin acidification rijiyar mai ya kasu kashi biyu: maganin hydrochloric acid don gyare-gyaren dutsen carbonate da maganin acid acid na ƙasa don ƙirar yashi. Akafi sani da acidification.

►Hydrochloric acid magani na carbonate rock formations: Carbonate duwatsu irin su farar ƙasa da dolomite amsa tare da hydrochloric acid don samar da calcium chloride ko magnesium chloride wanda ke da sauƙi mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, wanda ya kara da permeability na samuwar kuma yadda ya kamata inganta iya aiki na mai rijiyoyin. . A karkashin yanayin zafin jiki na samuwar, hydrochloric acid yana amsawa da sauri tare da duwatsu, kuma yawancin shi ana cinye shi a kusa da kasan rijiyar kuma ba zai iya shiga cikin zurfin man fetur ba, yana rinjayar tasirin acidification.

► Maganin acid ɗin ƙasa na samuwar dutsen yashi: Babban ma'adinan ma'adinai na sandstone sune quartz da feldspar. Siminti galibi silicates ne (kamar yumbu) da carbonates, waɗanda dukkansu suna narkewa cikin acid hydrofluoric. Duk da haka, bayan amsawa tsakanin hydrofluoric acid da carbonates, hazo na calcium fluoride zai faru, wanda ba shi da amfani ga samar da rijiyoyin mai da gas. Gabaɗaya, ana kula da dutsen sandstone da 8-12% hydrochloric acid da 2-4% hydrofluoric acid gauraye da acid ɗin ƙasa don gujewa hazo na calcium fluoride. Matsakaicin acid hydrofluoric a cikin acid acid bai kamata ya yi yawa ba don guje wa lalata tsarin dutsen yashi da haifar da hatsarori na samar da yashi. Domin hana mummunan halayen tsakanin calcium da magnesium ions a cikin samuwar da hydrofluoric acid da sauran dalilai, da samuwar ya kamata a pretreated da hydrochloric acid kafin allurar ƙasa acid. Ya kamata kewayon pretreatment ya fi girma fiye da kewayon maganin acid na ƙasa. An haɓaka fasahar acid na ƙasa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Ana amfani da Methyl formate da ammonium fluoride don amsawa a cikin samuwar don samar da acid hydrofluoric, wanda ke aiki a cikin ma'aunin mai mai zafi a cikin rijiyoyi masu zurfi don inganta tasirin maganin acid na ƙasa. Ta haka inganta iya samar da rijiyoyin mai.