Rarraba rijiyoyin mai da iskar gas yana ƙara dabarun samarwa

Fasahar haɓaka rijiyoyin mai da iskar gas wani mataki ne na fasaha don inganta ƙarfin samar da rijiyoyin mai (gami da rijiyoyin iskar gas) da kuma ƙarfin sha ruwa na rijiyoyin allurar ruwa. Hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da fracturing na hydraulic da maganin acidification, ban da fashewar ramuka a ƙasa, maganin narkewar abubuwa, da sauransu.

1) Tsarin karyewar ruwa

Karyewar ruwa ta hanyar amfani da na'urar haƙar ma'adinai ta ƙunshi allurar ruwa mai kauri sosai, wanda ke ƙara yawan shanyewar ruwa a cikin rijiyar a babban adadin da ya wuce ƙarfin sha na samuwar, ta haka ne ke ƙara matsin lamba a cikin ramin ƙasa da kuma karyewar samuwar. Tare da ci gaba da allurar ruwan karyewar ruwa, karyewar ta ƙara zurfafa cikin samuwar. Dole ne a haɗa wani adadin propant (galibi yashi) a cikin ruwan karyewar don hana karyewar rufewa bayan an dakatar da famfon. Karyewar da aka cika da propant tana canza yanayin zubewar mai da iskar gas a cikin samuwar, tana ƙara yankin zubewar ruwa, rage juriyar kwarara, kuma tana ninka samar da rijiyar mai sau biyu. "Gas ɗin shale", wanda ya shahara sosai a masana'antar mai ta duniya kwanan nan, yana amfana daga saurin haɓaka fasahar hydraulic fracturing!

2) Maganin acidification na rijiyar mai

Maganin acidification na rijiyar mai ya kasu kashi biyu: maganin hydrochloric acid don samuwar duwatsun carbonate da kuma maganin acidity na ƙasa don samuwar duwatsun yashi. Wanda aka fi sani da acidification.

►Maganin sinadarin hydrochloric acid na samuwar duwatsun carbonate: Duwatsun carbonate kamar su limestone da dolomite suna amsawa da sinadarin hydrochloric acid don samar da sinadarin calcium chloride ko magnesium chloride wanda yake narkewa cikin sauƙi a cikin ruwa, wanda hakan ke ƙara yawan samuwar kuma yana inganta ƙarfin samar da rijiyoyin mai yadda ya kamata. A ƙarƙashin yanayin zafin da aka samu, sinadarin hydrochloric acid yana amsawa da sauri da duwatsu, kuma yawancinsa ana cinye shi kusa da ƙasan rijiyar kuma ba zai iya shiga zurfin layin mai ba, wanda hakan ke shafar tasirin acidification.

►Maganin sinadarin acid na ƙasa don samar da dutsen yashi: Manyan abubuwan da ke cikin dutsen yashi sune quartz da feldspar. Simintin su galibi silicates ne (kamar yumbu) da carbonates, waɗanda duka suna narkewa a cikin hydrofluoric acid. Duk da haka, bayan amsawar tsakanin hydrofluoric acid da carbonates, ruwan calcium fluoride zai faru, wanda ba zai taimaka wa samar da rijiyoyin mai da iskar gas ba. Gabaɗaya, ana yi wa dutsen yashi magani da hydrochloric acid 8-12% tare da 2-4% hydrofluoric acid da aka haɗa da ƙasa acid don guje wa ruwan calcium fluoride. Bai kamata yawan hydrofluoric acid a cikin ƙasa acid ya yi yawa ba don guje wa lalata tsarin dutsen yashi da haifar da haɗarin samar da yashi. Domin hana mummunan sakamako tsakanin calcium da magnesium ions a cikin samuwar da hydrofluoric acid da sauran dalilai, ya kamata a yi wa ginin magani da hydrochloric acid kafin a yi wa ƙasa acid. Tsarin magani kafin a yi shi ya fi girma fiye da tsarin magani na ƙasa acid. An haɓaka fasahar acid na ƙasa authigenic a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Ana amfani da Methyl formate da ammonium fluoride don amsawa a cikin samuwar don samar da hydrofluoric acid, wanda ke aiki a cikin babban matakin mai a cikin ramuka masu zurfi don inganta tasirin maganin acid na ƙasa. Ta haka ne inganta ƙarfin samar da rijiyoyin mai.