Kayan Aikin Maɓallin Ƙasa: Jagora Mai Cikakke Kan Rarrabawa da Amfani da Bits ɗin Roller Cone da Bits ɗin Diamond

01 Roller Cone Bits: Kayan aiki masu yawa don daidaitawa zuwa Tsarin

Tun bayan zuwansu a shekarar 1909, na'urorin haƙa ramin rola sun zama nau'in bit da aka fi amfani da shi a haƙa ramin rotational. Tsarin tsarin su na musamman mai mazugi mai yawa yana ba su damar daidaitawa da yanayi daban-daban na samuwar, daga laushi zuwa mai tauri sosai.

Tsarin Tsarin da Fasaha ta Musamman

Bit ɗin mazugi mai jujjuyawa ya ƙunshi sassa biyar masu mahimmanci:

• Jikin Bit: Kafafu uku masu mazugi da aka haɗa tare, tare da zaren haɗi a saman ɓangaren.
• Mazugi Mai Lanƙwasa: Jikin ƙarfe mai siffar ƙwallo mai siffar ƙwallo mai hakora ko kuma a saka haƙora a saman.
• Tsarin Bearing: Ya ƙunshi saitin bearing guda huɗu: manyan, matsakaici, ƙanana, da kuma bearing masu ƙarfi.
• Bututun ƙarfe: Yawanci suna da adadi 3-4, tare da diamita na 7-14 mm.
• Tsarin Ajiya da Rufe Mai: Zoben rufewa na roba ko ƙarfe tare da na'urorin diyya na matsi.

Daga cikin waɗannan, fasahar rufe bearing tana wakiltar babban ci gaba na fasaha ga bits ɗin naɗa mazugi. Bits na zamani suna amfani da tsarin diyya na matsi na ajiyar mai, wanda ke kiyaye daidaito mai ƙarfi tsakanin matsi na mai a cikin ramin ɗaukar mai da matsin lamba na ginshiƙin haƙa ramin ta hanyar abubuwan da suka haɗa da ramukan watsa matsi, diaphragms na matsi, da kofunan mai.

Tsarin Rarrabawa da Lambar IADC

Ƙungiyar 'Yan Kwangilar Hako Mai ta Duniya (IADC) ta ƙirƙiro wani tsari na rarrabawa na duniya baki ɗaya don na'urorin haƙa rami, ta amfani da tsarin lambar lambobi uku:

Lambar Farko: Nau'in haƙori da kuma tsarin da ya dace

1: Hakoran da aka niƙa, siffofi masu laushi

2: Hakora masu kauri, matsakaici zuwa matsakaici masu tauri

3: Hakora masu niƙa, siffofi masu tauri da kuma masu gyatsa

5: Saka haƙora, masu laushi zuwa matsakaici

6: Saka haƙora, siffofi masu matsakaicin tauri

7: Saka haƙora, tauri da kuma abubuwan da suka yi tsauri

8: Saka haƙora, waɗanda suka yi tauri sosai kuma suka yi ƙaiƙayi sosai

Lamba ta Biyu: Raba taurin samuwar (Aji na 1-4; lambobi mafi girma suna nuna samuwar tauri)

Lamba ta Uku: Halayen tsarin Bit

4: Bearings masu nadi da aka rufe

6: Bearings masu zamiya da aka rufe

7: Bearings masu zamiya da aka rufe + kariyar saka ma'auni

8: Rage gudu don haƙa hanya

Tsarin Rarraba IADC Mai Sauƙi don Ragowar Mazugi Mai Nauyi

Tsarin Karya Dutse da Halayen Motsi

A lokacin aiki, bit ɗin naɗa mazugi yana nuna nau'ikan motsi guda uku:

• Juyin Juya Hali: Mazubin suna juyawa a hannun agogo tare da dukkan ɓangaren.
• Juyawa: Haƙoran suna juyawa a akasin agogo a kusa da mazugi.
• Zamiya: Har da zamiya mai kama da ta radial da tangential.

Wannan motsi mai haɗaka yana cimma tasirin karya dutse guda biyu:

1.Tasirin Murkushe Hakora: Haɗuwa tsakanin haƙora ɗaya da biyu da ramin ƙasa yana haifar da girgizar jiki a tsaye, yana haifar da nauyin tasiri.

2.Tasirin Rage Dutse: Ana samun nasarar sassaka duwatsu ta hanyar ƙirar tsarin da aka yi da overhang, mazugi biyu, da kuma tsarin da aka gyara.

Tsarin Zaɓe da Daidaita Tsarin 

Ka'idoji na asali don zaɓar biredi na mazugi bisa ga halayen dutse:

• Tsarin Taushi: Zaɓi guntu masu tsarin da aka gyara, aka haɗa su, da kuma masu siffar mazugi biyu, waɗanda aka sanye su da dogaye, faɗi, da kuma ƙananan hakora da aka niƙa ko aka saka.
• Tsarin Matsakaici Mai Tauri: Rage ƙimar mazubi biyu; yi amfani da gajeru, siriri, da kuma hakora masu kauri.
• Tsarin Tauri da Tsabta: Ɗauki na'urori masu jujjuyawa guda ɗaya ba tare da an rataye su ko an daidaita su ba, waɗanda aka sanye su da haƙoran ƙwallo ko haƙoran ƙwallo mai siffar mazugi.
• Tsarin Hakora Masu Sauƙin Juyawa: Zaɓi gajerun haƙora marasa sassauci ko ƙananan gyare-gyare, kuma babu haƙoran gear.
• Tsarin Taushi da Tauri Mai Haɗaka: Zaɓi nau'ikan bit bisa ga dutsen mai tauri, kuma daidaita sigogi yayin haƙa.

Martani ga Sharuɗɗan Aiki na Musamman

• Ƙananan ramukan rami (<177 mm): Yi amfani da ƙananan ramukan rami ɗaya, waɗanda ke da manyan ramuka, haƙora, da bearings don ƙarin ƙarfi.
• Hakowa ta Hanyar Hanya: Zaɓi ƙananan ragowa na musamman waɗanda ke da lamba ta uku ta lambar IADC 8. 

02 Ƙananan ... 

A matsayin abu mafi wahala a yanayi, lu'u-lu'u yana da taurin Mohs na Grade 10, ƙarfin matsi har zuwa 8800 MPa, da juriyar lalacewa sau 9000 fiye da ƙarfe. Yin amfani da wannan siffa, guntun lu'u-lu'u sun zama kayan aiki mafi kyau don magance taurin abubuwa.

Tsarin Rarrabawa da Juyin Halittar Fasaha

An raba sassan lu'u-lu'u na zamani zuwa nau'i uku:

1.Bits na Diamond da aka saita a saman

• Ana fallasa ƙwayoyin lu'u-lu'u a saman matrix.
• Ya dace da tsarin matsakaici-mai tauri zuwa mai tauri.
• Rarraba girman barbashi na lu'u-lu'u:
• Tsarin laushi: hatsi 2 a kowace karat (gpc) (girman barbashi kimanin 4 mm)
• Tsarin matsakaici mai tauri: 3-4 gpc (girman barbashi kimanin 3.6 mm)
• Tsarin tauri: 10-15 gpc (girman barbashi kimanin 2.0 mm)

2.Ƙananan Diamond da aka dasa

• Ana sanya lu'u-lu'u a cikin matrix (60-400 gpc).
• Ya dace da tsarin tauri da abrasive (misali, dutse, dolomite siliceous).
• Ana samun ƙarfin kaifin lu'u-lu'u ta hanyar lalata matrix.

3.Bits na PDC (Bits ɗin Polycrystalline Diamond Compact)

• Kamfanin General Electric (GE) na Amurka ne ya fara gabatar da shi a shekarar 1973.
• Tsarin ƙarami: Layer ɗin lu'u-lu'u + simintin carbide.
• Ya dace da tsarin laushi zuwa matsakaici-mai tauri iri ɗaya.

Tsarin Tsarin da Ma'aunin Jigo

Ƙananan lu'u-lu'u suna ɗaukar tsari mai mahimmanci ba tare da sassan motsi ba, galibi sun haɗa da:

• Jikin Karfe: An yi shi da matsakaicin ƙarfe mai carbon, tare da zaren haɗi a saman.
• Matrix: Foda mai kama da tungsten carbide + ƙarfe mai ɗaurewa bisa jan ƙarfe, tare da matakin tauri na HRC 30-45.
• Abubuwan Yankewa: Lu'u-lu'u na halitta/na roba ko ƙananan PDC.
• Tsarin Hydraulic: Rarraba ruwa da hanyoyin kwarara (radial, spiral, da sauransu).

Maɓallan Zane Masu Mahimmanci

• Tsarin Lu'u-lu'u: An daidaita shi bisa ga yadda ake cire ƙuraje; mafi yawan ƙuraje don ƙarin ƙuraje.
• Tsayin Fitowa:
• Tsarin laushi: 1/3 na girman barbashi
• Tsarin tauri: 1/6-1/10 na girman barbashi
• Siffar Lebe:
• Mai faɗi ƙasa: Don tsarin da ya yi kama da juna
• Lanƙwasa: Don tauri tsari
• An yi wa ado da itace: Don ƙirƙirar abrasive

Tsarin Karya Dutse da Amsar Samuwa

Hanyar karya duwatsu ta hanyar amfani da guntun lu'u-lu'u ta bambanta dangane da halayen samuwarsu:

Tsarin Roba (misali, dutsen laka, gypsum): Kamar tsarin "noman gona"; lu'u-lu'u suna ratsa samuwar don haifar da kwararar robobi na dutse.

Tsarin Brittle (misali, dutsen quartz): Ana ƙirƙirar ramuka masu niƙa mai girma dabam dabam, tare da girman yankewa sau 2-4 na fitowar lu'u-lu'u, wanda ke haifar da ingantaccen aiki.

Duwatsu Masu Tauri (misali, dutse mai laushi, dutsen siliceous): Ana amfani da guntun da aka dasa a cikin ƙasa, kuma ana samun karyewar duwatsu ta hanyar yankewa da kuma goge su da sauri, kamar yadda ake niƙa tayoyin.

Fa'idodi da Iyakance na Fasaha na PDC Bits

A matsayin samfurin juyin juya hali a cikin dangin lu'u-lu'u, bits na PDC suna da fa'idodi na musamman:

Siffofin Tsarin

Ƙananan ƙarfe na jikin ƙarfe (PDC): ƙarfe mai matsakaicin carbon mai haɗaka tare da maganin taurarewa a saman.

Matrix-Body PDC Bits: Jikin ƙarfe na sama + ƙaramin tungsten carbide matrix, yana ba da kyakkyawan aiki.

Tsarin Bayanan Sirri

Parabolic: Don ƙirƙirar abubuwa masu laushi, yana ba da damar yin amfani da babban ƙarfin haƙa da kuma haƙa rami.

Zagaye: Don haƙa tebur mai juyawa, yana sauƙaƙa shigar da tauri a cikin gadaje masu tauri.

Mai siffar mazugi: Don haƙo mai sauri, tare da kyakkyawan aikin shigar ciki.

Iyakokin Aikace-aikace

Bai dace da tsarin tsakuwa da kuma tsarin da ke da laushi da tauri ba.

Iyakance juriya ga zafin jiki (lalacewa yana ƙaruwa sama da 350℃; gazawar ƙarfi yana faruwa a 700℃).

Rashin juriya ga tasiri; fashewar gefuna na sabbin ragowa yana da yuwuwar faruwa.

Teburin Kwatanta Tsarin da Ya Dace don Bits na Diamond

03 Jagorar Zaɓin Kimiyya: Daidaita Tsarin Aiki da Bukatun Aiki

Dokokin Zinare don Zaɓin Bit ɗin Roller Cone

Daidaita Taurin Tsarin

Tsarin sassauƙa: Zaɓin ƙananan sassa masu tsari mai tsayi, mai juyewa, da kuma masu siffar mazugi biyu, waɗanda aka sanye su da haƙoran da suka yi kama da wedge ko kuma masu siffar cokali.

Tsarin tauri: Ɗauki tsarin mazugi ɗaya, wanda ba ya canzawa, wanda aka sanye shi da haƙoran ƙwallo ko haƙoran ƙwallo mai siffar mazugi.

Martani ga Rashin Abrasive

Don ƙirƙirar abubuwan da ke lalata fata, yi amfani da ƙananan ramuka masu haƙoran gage.

Idan haƙoran layin waje suna zagaye yayin da haƙoran tsakiya ba su da lalacewa, ya kamata a tsara ɓangaren na gaba tare da ingantaccen kariyar ma'auni.

Matakai don Kariya ga Yanayi na Musamman na Aiki

Tsarin da ke da saurin juyawa: Zaɓi guntun haƙori masu gajeru ba tare da wani bambanci ko ƙaramin bambanci ba; daidaitawar tsari ya kamata ya ɗan yi laushi fiye da ainihin tsari.

Tsarin abubuwa masu laushi da tauri: Zaɓi guntu bisa ga dutsen mai tauri, kuma daidaita sigogi yayin haƙa.

Haƙa sassan rijiyoyi masu zurfi: Yi amfani da guntu masu girman girman da aka ɗauka don rama asarar lokacin da aka yi.

Dabarun Zaɓe don Ƙananan Ramin Diamond

Sharuɗɗan da suka dace don Bits na PDC

Mafi kyawun yanayi: Tsarin da ya yi kama da mai laushi zuwa matsakaici mai tauri (misali, shale, laka, gypsum).

Abubuwan da aka haramta: Tsarin tsakuwa, gadajen da aka haɗa da duwatsu, da kuma tsarin da aka haɗa da laushi da tauri.

Saitin ma'auni: Ƙananan WOB (30-60 kN), babban RPM (100-300 rpm), babban saurin kwarara.

Yanayi Masu Amfani Don Bits na Lu'u-lu'u na Halitta/Na roba

Tsarin da ke da wuya ko kuma mai tauri sosai (misali, granite, dutsen quartz).

Tsarin da ke da ƙarfi sosai (misali, dutse, dolomite na siliceous).

Haƙa injin turbine, rijiyoyi masu zurfi/zurfi sosai, da kuma ayyukan gyaran coring.

Bukatu na Musamman don Ƙananan Bits

Ƙananan sassan mazugi na roller: Tsarin mazugi mai naɗi huɗu (mazugi/silindariya) ko mazugi mai naɗi shida (cikakken silindariya).

Ƙananan sassan lu'u-lu'u: Yana buƙatar gefuna masu rarrabawa daidai gwargwado tare da juriyar lalacewa.

Maɓalli mai mahimmanci: Matsakaici tsakanin ramin ciki da da'irar waje don guje wa ovalization na tsakiya.

Hukunci da Magance Matsalar Downhole

Gano Yanayin Aiki na Roller Cone Bit

Lalacewar Bearing: Girgizar teburin juyawa lokaci-lokaci, ta tsananta a ƙarƙashin yawan WOB, raguwar saurin haƙa rami amma matsin famfo na yau da kullun.

Asarar Mazugi: Mannewa mai tsanani, canjin yanayin ma'aunin nauyi, canjin zurfin tafiya yayin jan igiyar haƙa.

Lalacewar Hakora: Rage nauyin tebur mai juyawa, babu girgiza, raguwar yawan haƙa haƙora.

Taboos na Amfani don Ƙananan Diamond

Dole ne a tsaftace ramin ƙasa kafin a yi amfani da ramin a cikin ramin don tabbatar da cewa babu wani tarkacen ƙarfe da ya rage.

Fara haƙa rami da ƙaramin WOB da ƙaramin RPM don "karya" (ƙasa ramin da ke ƙasa mita 0.5).

A guji yin amfani da reaming; idan ya cancanta, yi amfani da ƙananan WOB da ƙananan RPM don aiki iri ɗaya.

Tuntuɓi:Jessie Zhou
Wayar Salula/Whatsapp:+0086-18109206861
Yanar gizo:www.landrilltools.com