Me yasa hauhawar farashin tungsten zai kawo ƙalubale ga masana'antar haƙar ma'adinai?

TFarashin ungsten ya tashi da sama da kashi 200%shekara zuwa yau a ƙarshen 2025, inda ya kai kusan shekaru ashirin mafi girma saboda tsananin ƙarancin wadata da kuma ƙaruwar buƙata.

Tungsten (musamman tungsten carbide) yana da mahimmanci ga aikin haƙa rami,kayan aikin niƙa,Sassan/kayan aiki masu jure lalacewa, da kayan aiki masu nauyi a haƙa. Ƙarar farashi mai yawa tana haifar da ƙalubale da dama:

I. Karin Kuɗi Kai Tsaye da Tsaftacewar Riba Mai Tsanani

1. Karin Kuɗi Mai Girma a Farashin Masana'antar Ramin Ramin Ramin

• Tungsten carbide babban kayan aiki ne na tricone drill bits (TCI), PDC drill bit matrices da polycrystalline lu'u-lu'u compact walda, wanda ke lissafin nauyin tricone drill bits (TCI).Kashi 15-25%na jimlar kuɗin kayan aikin da aka kashe na raka'o'in haƙa rami.
• Farashin muhimman kayan aiki kamar tungsten da cobalt ya karu daKashi 15-20%idan aka kwatanta da 2022, wanda hakan ya haifar da8-10%hauhawar farashin samar da biredi na tricone.
• Na'urorin haƙa ramin PDC na Matrix suna cinye adadi mai yawa na foda tungsten carbide, kuma hauhawar farashi kai tsaye yana haifar da hauhawar farashin kera matrix.

1. Karin Jimillar Kudin Aikin Hakowa

• Ragowar haƙa ramin suna ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su a cikin aikin haƙa ramin, kuma ƙarin farashi ana ba da shi kai tsaye ga kuɗin sabis na haƙa ramin.
• A cikin haƙar haƙar mai ƙarfi, tsawon rayuwar injin haƙar tungsten carbide ya fi na injinan ƙarfe na yau da kullun sau 50, wanda hakan ya sa ba zai yiwu a maye gurbinsu cikin sauƙi ba, don haka matsin farashin ba makawa bane.
• Baya ga ragowar haƙa, farashin abubuwan da ke cikin tungsten carbide kamar kujerun bawul ɗin bututun haƙa, bututun yashi da bututun da ke jure lalacewa suma sun tashi a lokaci guda, wanda hakan ke ƙara yawan kuɗin aiki.

1. Matsi Biyu Kan Ribar Kamfanoni

• Yawan karuwar farashin kayan masarufi a sama ya zarce na hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a ƙasa, wanda hakan ke haifar da jinkiri wajen samun farashi.
• Gasar kasuwa mai tsanani, musamman tsakanin ƙananan da matsakaitan kamfanonin haƙo mai, tana iyakance damar da suke da ita na ƙara farashi, inda wasu kamfanoni ke ganin jimillar ribar da suke samu ta faɗi ƙasa da ƙasa.10%.
• Manyan kamfanoni na duniya kamar Sandvik sun sanar da karuwar farashin kayayyaki da kashi 22%, wanda har yanzu bai cika biyan kudin da aka samu ba, wanda hakan ya bar kananan da matsakaitan kamfanoni cikin mawuyacin hali.

II. Kalubalen Samar da Tsaron Sarka da Kwanciyar Hankali

1. Ƙarfafa Tsarin Kula da Albarkatu na Ƙaruwa da Karancin Samar da Albarkatu

• Tarayyar Turai, Amurka, Japan da sauran yankuna sun sanya Tungsten cikin "jerin muhimman karafa na dabaru" wanda ya haifar da tsauraran matakan sarrafa fitar da kayayyaki da kuma sake duba hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki.
• A matsayinta na babbar mai samar da albarkatun tungsten a duniya (wanda ke da sama da kashi 80% na ajiyar duniya), China ta aiwatar da sarrafa fitar da kayayyaki a watan Fabrairun 2025, inda ta buƙaci "lasisi ɗaya ga kowace oda" ga karafa 25 masu wuya, ciki har da ammonium paratungstate.
• Saurin karuwar bukatar da ake samu daga manyan masana'antu da sabbin sassan makamashi (kamar wayoyin tungsten na daukar hoto da kuma hadakar makamashin nukiliya) ya kara tsananta gasar neman albarkatun da ba su da yawa da masana'antar hako mai.

1. Rashin daidaiton Buƙatar Samarwa da Man Fetur Sauyawa a Farashin Mai

• Ana sa ran buƙatar tungsten ta duniya za ta wuce tan 130,000 a shekarar 2025, wanda hakan ya nuna karuwar kusan kashi 6% a duk shekara, yayin da ci gaban samar da kayayyaki ya kasance mai iyaka.
• Matsayin albarkatun ma'adinan tungsten na cikin gida ya ragu, inda matsakaicin matakin ma'adinan da ba a sarrafa ba ya ragu daga 0.42% a shekarar 2024 zuwa 0.28%, wanda hakan ya kara farashin ma'adinan.
• Tsauraran manufofin kare muhalli sun takaita haƙar ma'adinan tungsten, wanda hakan ya ƙara rage yawan samar da kayayyaki.

1. Haɗarin Katsewar Samar da Kayayyaki ga Ƙananan Kasuwanci da Matsakaici

• Kimanin kashi 30% na ƙananan da matsakaitan kamfanonin kayan aiki na Turai an tilasta musu dakatar da karɓar oda saboda ƙarancin wadata ko tsadar kayayyaki.
• Kamfanonin haƙa haƙo na iya fuskantar jinkirin isar da muhimman abubuwa kamar injin haƙo haƙo, wanda ke shafar ci gaban aikin da kuma aikin kwangila.

III. Ƙara Matsi Kan Zaɓen Fasaha da Ƙirƙira

1. Kalubale a Bincike da Ci gaba da Sauya Kayan Aiki

• Tungsten carbide yana da fa'idodi masu yawa a cikin yanayin matsin lamba mai yawa, mai tasiri mai yawa da kuma yanayin yashi mai lalacewa, wanda hakan ke sa ya zama da wahala a sami cikakken madadin a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.
• Ƙirƙirar madadin kayan aiki ko fasahar rufewa masu araha yana buƙatar babban jarin bincike da haɓaka lokaci don tabbatarwa.
• Carbide mai siffar tungsten carbide yana ba da aiki mafi kyau fiye da carbide mai kusurwa amma yana da tsada sau 3-4, wanda hakan ke sanya zaɓin fasaha cikin matsala tsakanin "farashi da aiki".

1. Matsi don Inganta Tsarin Aiki da Inganta Inganci

• An tilasta wa kamfanoni su ƙara himma wajen inganta tsarin aiki, kamar sake fasalin tsarin ƙarfe na ɓangaren haƙa ramin PDC don rage yawan amfani da foda tungsten carbide (sabon tsarin zai iya rage farashi da kashi 54%).
• Inganta yawan amfani da kayan masarufi, manyan kamfanoni sun kara yawan amfani da su daga kashi 85% zuwa kashi 92%.
• Sake amfani da sassan haƙa sharar gida da sake amfani da su ya zama muhimmin alkibla, kuma ana buƙatar ƙara yawan kayan da aka sake amfani da su zuwa fiye da kashi 25% don rage matsin lamba na farashi yadda ya kamata.

1. Haɗarin Daidaita Hanyoyin Fasaha

• Wasu kamfanoni na iya canzawa zuwa wasu hanyoyin da ba su da tsada kamar na'urorin haƙoran ƙarfe, amma ƙarancin ingancinsu da kuma ɗan gajeren lokacin sabis ɗinsu a cikin tsarin tauri zai ƙara yawan farashi.
• Ayyukan haƙa mai ƙarfi (kamar rijiyoyin ruwa masu zurfi da kuma masu yawan zafin jiki) suna da matuƙar dogaro da aikin tungsten carbide, wanda hakan ke barin ɗan sarari don gyare-gyaren fasaha da kuma haifar da ƙarin matsin lamba a farashi.

IV. Gasar Kasuwa da Sake Tsarin Yanayin Masana'antu

1. Ƙara yawan Masana'antu

• Manyan kamfanoni sun fi iya jure tasirin hauhawar farashi saboda tattalin arzikinsu, fa'idodin fasaha da kuma ikon sarrafa sarkar samar da kayayyaki.
• Ana iya kawar da ƙananan da matsakaitan kasuwanci ko kuma a same su saboda ƙarancin ƙarfin sarrafa farashi da kuma ƙarancin hanyoyin samar da kuɗi.
• Sarkar samar da tungsten carbide ta duniya tana mai da hankali kan manyan kamfanoni, wanda hakan ke ƙara ta'azzara bambancin masana'antu.

1. Gasar Kasuwa ta Duniya Mai Ƙarfi

• Tsarin kula da fitar da kayayyaki daga China ya sauya tsarin samar da tungsten carbide na duniya, wanda hakan ya fallasa kamfanonin Turai da Amurka ga matsin lamba biyu na karancin wadata da hauhawar farashi.
• Kamfanoni a ƙasashen da ke tasowa na iya samun ƙarin hannun jari a kasuwa saboda fa'idodin farashi, wanda ke canza yanayin gasa na kasuwar kayan haƙa rijiyoyin mai ta duniya.
• Manufofin harajin kuɗi da shingayen cinikayya sun ƙara zama masu sarkakiya, wanda hakan ke ƙara tsadar farashi da rashin tabbas na harkokin kasuwancin ƙasashen duniya.

1. Canje-canje a Bukatar Abokin Ciniki

• Kamfanonin mai na iya rage kasafin kuɗin bincike da haɓakawa, jinkirta ko soke sabbin ayyuka, da kuma rage buƙatar ayyukan haƙa rijiyoyin mai.
• Abokan ciniki sun fi son zaɓar hanyoyin haƙa rijiyoyi masu araha da kuma gabatar da buƙatu mafi girma don rayuwar sabis da ingancin raka'o'in haƙa rijiyoyin.
• Sharuɗɗan daidaita farashi a cikin kwangiloli na dogon lokaci sun zama babban abin da ake mayar da hankali a kai a tattaunawar, wanda hakan ke ƙara farashi da haɗarin sadarwa ta kasuwanci.